| How
to Perform the Rituals Of Hajj |
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by
Shaikh Muhammad As-Salih Al-Uthaimeen |
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In
The Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful |
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PREFACE: |
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Praise
be to Allah, Lord of the Universe. May peace and blessings be
upon Muhammad, the last of the prophets and messengers, and
upon his family and esteemed companions. |
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Hajj
is one of the best forms of worship and is one of the most sublime
deeds because it is one of the pillars of Islam that Allah sent
Muhammad(may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)with.
A servant's religion is incomplete without it. |
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A
form of worship is only acceptable when the following is true. |
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1.
One devotes it to Allah alone, with a desire for the Hereafter.
It cannot be done with the intention of being seen among men
or for worldly gain. |
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2.
One follows the Prophet's example, in words deeds. This cannot
accomplished except knowledge of the Sunnah. |
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FORMS
OF PILGRIMAGE:
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There are
three forms of Hajj: |
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1.Tamattu' |
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2.Ifraad |
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3.Qiran
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Tamattu':
A pilgrim wears Ihram for Umrah only during the months of Hajj,
which means when he reaches Makkah, he makes Tawaf and Sa'yi
for Umrah. He then shaves or clips his hair. On the day of Tarwiya,
which is the eighth of Dhul-Hijja, he puts on his Ihram for
Hajj only and carries out all of its requirements. |
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Ifraad:
A pilgrim wears Ihram for Hajj only. When he reaches Makkah,
he performs Tawaf for his arrival and Sa'yi for Hajj. He doesn't
shave or clip his hair as he doesn't disengage from Ihram. Instead,
he remains in Ihram till after he stones Jamrah Al-Aqaba on
the Eid day. It is permissible for him to postpone his Sa'yi
for Hajj until after his Tawaf for Hajj. |
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Qiran:
A pilgrim wears Ihram for both Umrah and Hajj or he wears Ihram
first for Umrah, then makes intentions for Hajj before his Tawaf
for Hajj. The obligations on one performing Ifraad are the same
as those on one performing Qiran, except that the latter must
slaughter whereas the former is not obligated to do so. The
best of the three forms is Tamattu'. It is the form that the
prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) encouraged
his followers to perform. Even if a pilgrim makes intentions
to perform Qiran or Ifraad he is allowed to change his intentions
to Tamattu'; he can do this even after he has performed Tawaf
and Sa'yi. |
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THE
UMRAH: |
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If
a pilgrim wishes to be ritually pure for Umrah, he should shed
his clothing and bathe as he would after sexual defilement,
if convenient. He should perfume his head and beard with the
best oil he can find. There is no harm in what remains of it
after Ihram. |
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Bathing
for Ihram is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating
women and those experiencing postnatal bleeding. After bathing
and preparing himself, a. pilgrim, other than those menstruating
or experiencing postnatal bleeding, prays the obligatory prayer,
if it is time. Otherwise, he makes his intention by praying
the two Sunnah Rakass which are made each time Wudhu is performed. |
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When
he finishes his prayer he should say: "Here I am for Umrah,
here I am, Oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no partner.
Here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and
you have no partner." [Talbeeyah]. |
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A
man raises his voice when saying this and a woman says it so
that only one beside her may hear her. |
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One
in Ihram should say the Talbeeyah as often as possible, especially
when times and places change. For example: when descending or
ascending during travel or when day or night approach. He should
also ask Allah for His pleasure, for Heaven and seek refuge
in Allah's mercy from Hellfire. |
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One
should say the Talbeeyah during Umrah, starting from the time
he puts on his Ihram till he starts Tawaf. During Hajj he should
say it starting from the time he puts on his Ihram till he starts
to stone Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the Eid day. |
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When
a pilgrim enters the Holy Mosque he puts forth his right foot
first and says: "In the name of Allah, may peace and blessings
be upon the Messenger of Allah. Oh Allah, forgive me my sins
and open to me the doors of Your mercy. I seek refuge in Allah
the Almighty and in His Eminent Face and in His Eternal Dominion
from the accursed Satan." |
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He
approaches the Black Stone, touches it with his right hand and
kisses it. If this isn't possible, he should face the Black
Stone and point to it. |
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It
is best not to push and shove, causing harm and being harmed
by other people. |
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When
touching the Stone, a pilgrim should say the following: "In
the name of Allah, Allah is the greatest. Oh, Allah, with faith
in you, belief in Your book, loyalty to you, compliance to the
way of your Prophet Muhammad (may the peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him)." |
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A
pilgrim must walk, keeping the Ka'bah on his left. When he reaches
the Rukn Al Yamani he should touch, but not kiss it, and say:
" Our Lord, grant us good in this life and good in the
hereafter and save us from the punishment of the Hell fire.
Oh Allah, I beg of You for forgiveness and health in this life
and in the Hereafter." |
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Each
time he passes the Black Stone he should say: "Allah is
the Greatest." |
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During
the remainder of his Tawaf he may say what he pleases of supplications,
mentioning Allah, and recitation of Quran. This is because Tawaf,
Sa'yi, and Stoning the Jamrah have been devised for the purpose
of mentioning Allah. |
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During
this Tawaf it is necessary for a man to do two things: |
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1.
Al-ldhtebaa' from the beginning of Tawaf until the end. Al-ldhtebaa'
means placing the middle of one's Reda' under his right arm
and the ends of it over his left shoulder. |
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When
he is finished performing Tawaf, he may return his Reda' to
its original state because the time for Idhtebaa' is only during
Tawaf. |
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2.
Al-Raml during the first three circuits. Al-Raml means speeding
up one's pace with small steps. A pilgrim should walk at a normal
pace during his last four circuits. |
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When
he completes seven circuits of Tawaf, he approaches Maqam Ibrahim
and recites: "And take ye the station of Abraham as a place
of Prayer" Chapter 2, Verse 125 [2:125]. |
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He
prays two short Rakaas, as close as conveniently possible, behind
Maqam Ibrahim. During the first Rakaa he recites Surah Al-Kafirun
[Chapter 109] and during the second one Surah Al-lkhlas[Chapter
112]. |
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When
he completes the two Rakaas he should return to the Black Stone
and touch it, if convenient. He goes out to the Mesa'a and when
he nears As-Safaa he recites: " Verily As-Safaa and Al-Marwah
are among the shrines of Allah " [2:158]. |
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He
ascends As-Safaa until he is able to see the Ka'bah. Facing
the Ka'bah and raising his hands, he praises Allah and makes
any supplications he chooses. The Prophet (may the peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed thus: "There is
no Deity but Allah alone," three times, supplicating in
between. |
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He
descends As-Safaa and heads for Al-Marwah at a normal pace until
he reaches the green marker. He should then run fast until the
next green marker. He continues toward Al-Marwah at a normal
pace. When he reaches it, he ascends it, faces the Qibla, raises
his hands and repeats what he said on As-Safaa. He descends
Al-Marwah heading towards As-Safaa, taking care to walk where
walking is designated, and run where running is designated. |
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He
continues this procedure until he completes seven laps. Going
from As-Safaa to Al-Marwah is a lap and returning is another
lap. |
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During
his Sa'yi he may recite what he wills of supplications, recitation
of Qur'an, and mentioning Allah. |
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In
completion of Sa'yi he shaves his head. A woman clips her hair
the length of a finger tip. |
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Shaving
is preferable, except when Hajj is near and there isn't sufficient
time for hair to grow back. In this case it's best to clip so
that hair will remain for shaving during Hajj. |
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With
that, Umrah is completed. and a pilgrim is free to dress in
other clothing, wear perfume and engage in marital relations,
etc. |
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THE HAJJ: |
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In
the forenoon of the eighth day of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim purifies
himself once again by bathing as he did before Umrah in the
place in which he is staying, if convenient. He puts on his
Ihram and says: " Here I am for Hajj. Here I am, oh Allah,
here I am. Here I am. You have no partner. Here I am. Surely
all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partners."
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If
he fears that something will prevent him from completing his
Hajj he should make a condition when he makes his intentions,
saying: " If I am prevented by any obstacle my place is
wherever I am held up." If he has no such fear, he doesn't
make this condition. |
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A
pilgrim goes to Mina and there prays Dhuhr, Asr, Magrib, Isha
and Fajr, shortening his four unit prayers so as to make them
two units each, without combining them. |
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When
the sun rises, he goes to Arafah and there prays Dhuhr and Asr
combined at the time of Dhuhr, making each one two units. He
remains in Namira Mosque until sunset if possible. He remembers
Allah and makes as many supplications as possible while facing
the Qibla. |
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The
Prophet (may the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) prayed
thus: "There is no Deity but Allah alone. He has no partner.
All dominion and praise are His and He is powerful over all
things. |
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If
he grows weary it is permissible for him to engage in beneficial
conversation with his companions or reading what he can find
of beneficial books, especially those concerning Allah's grace
and abundant gifts. This will strengthen his hope in Allah. |
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He
should then return to his supplications and be sure to spend
the end of the day deep in supplication because the best of
supplication is the supplication of the day of Arafah. |
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At
sunset he goes from Arafah to Muzdalifah and there prays Magrib,
Isha, and Fajr. If he is tired or has little water, it is permissible
for him to combine Magrib and Isha. If he fears that he will
not reach Muzdalifah until after midnight, he should pray before
he reaches it for it is not permissible to delay prayer until
after midnight. He remains there, in Muzdalifah, making supplications
and remembering Allah till just before sunrise. |
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If
he is weak and cannot handle the crowd during Ar-Ramy, it is
permissible for him to go to Mina at the end of the night to
stone the Jamrah before the arrival of the crowd. |
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Near
sunrise, a pilgrim goes from Muzdalifah to Mina. Upon reaching
it he does the following: |
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a)
He throws seven consecutive pebbles at Jamrah Al-Aqaba which
is the closest monument to Makkah, saying Greatest," as
he : "Allah is the throws each pebble.
b) He slaughters the sacrificial animal, eats some of it, and
gives some to the poor. Slaughter is obligatory on the Mutamati
and Qiran.
c) He shaves or clips his hair; shaving is preferable. A woman
clips her hair the length of a finger tip. |
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These
three should be done in the above order if convenient, but there
is no restriction if one precedes another. |
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With
that, one is allowed to come out of Ihram. He can wear other
clothing and do everything that was lawful before Ihram except
engaging in marital relations. |
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He
goes to Makkah to perform Tawaf Al-lfadha and Sa'yi, also for
Hajj. It is Sunnah to put perfume on before going to Makkah. |
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With
the completion of this Tawaf and Sa'yi, a pilgrim is allowed
to do everything that was lawful before Ihram, including engaging
in marital relations. |
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After
performing Tawaf and Sa'yi, he returns to Mina to spend the
nights of the eleventh and twelfth days there. |
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He
stones the three Jamrah in the afternoon of both the eleventh
and twelfth days. He starts with the first Jamrah, which is
furthest from Makkah, then the middle one, and lastly Jamrah
Al-Aqaba. Each one should be stoned with seven consecutive pebbles
accompanied by Takbeer. He stops after the first and middle
Jamrah to make supplications facing the Qibla. It is not permissible
to stone before noon on these two days. It is best to walk to
the Jamrah, but riding is permissible. |
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If
he is in a hurry after stoning on the twelfth day, he leaves
Mina before sunset. But if he wishes to prolong his stay, which
is best, he spends the night of the thirteenth in Mina and stones
that afternoon in the same manner as on the twelfth day. |
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When
he is ready to return to his country, he makes Tawaf Al-Wadaa,
which is seven circuits around the Ka'bah. Menstruating women
and women experiencing postnatal discharge are not obligated
to perform Tawaf Al-Wadaa. |
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VISITING
THE PROPHET'S MOSQUE: |
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1.
A pilgrim goes to Madina before or after Hajj with the intention
of visiting the Prophet's mosque and praying in it. Prayer there
is better than a thousand prayers elsewhere except in the Holy
Mosque in Makkah. |
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2.
Upon reaching the mosque he prays two Rakaas of salutation or
performs any obligatory prayer that is due. |
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3.
He goes to the grave of the Prophet (may the peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him) and he stands before it. He greets him
saying the " May the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah
be upon you, oh Prophet. May Allah grant you a good reward on
behalf of your people. "
He takes a step or two to his right to position himself before
Abu-Bakr and greets him saying : "May the peace, mercy,
and blessing of Allah be upon you. oh Abu-Bakr, Caliph of the
Messenger of Allah. May Allah be pleased with you and grant
you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's people."
Then he takes a step or two to his right to position himself
before Umar and greets him saying: " May the peace, mercy
and blessings of Allah be upon you, oh Umar, Prince of the believers.
May Allah be pleased with you and grant you a good reward on
behalf of Muhammad's people." |
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4.
In a state of purity, he goes to pray in Qubaa Mosque. |
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5.
He goes to Al-Baqee to visit Uthman's grave (may Allah be pleased
with him). He stands before it and greets him saying: "May
the peace, mercy and blessing of Allah be upon you,
oh Uthman Prince of the believers. May Allah be pleased with
you and grant you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's people."
He greets any other Muslims in Al-Baqee. |
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6.
He goes to Uhud and visits the grave of Hamza (may Allah be
pleased with him) and the other martyrs there with him. He greets
them and preys to Allah to grant them forgiveness, mercy, and
pleasure. |
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| NOTIFICATION: |
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The
following is incumbent upon the Muhrim for Hajj or Umrah: |
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1.
That he be committed to Allah's religious obligations upon him
such as prayer in its time (in congregation for men). |
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2.
That he avoids what Allah has prohibited such as obscenity,
inequity, and disobedience. if anyone undertakes Hajj therein.
Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling during
Hajj ~ [2:197]. |
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3.
That he avoids harming the Muslims with words or actions within
the Masha'ir or elsewhere. |
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4.
That he avoids all of the restrictions of Ihram: |
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a.
He shouldn't cause the loss of any of his hair or nails. A prick
by a thorn and the like is unobjectionable, even if there is
bleeding.
b. He shouldn't perfume himself, his
clothing, his food or his drink after entering Ihram. He should
also abstain from cleansing himself with scented soap. There
is no harm in what remains of the effect of perfume used prior
to Ihram.
c. He shouldn't touch, kiss, etc. his
spouse out of passion and, even worse, shouldn't have sexual
intercourse.
d. He shouldn't be wed or propose to
a woman for himself or others.
e. He shouldn't wear gloves, although
there is no harm in wrapping the hands in cloth. This ruling
goes for both men and women.
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THE FOLLOWING PERTAINS SPECIALLY TO MEN: |
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a)
He cannot cover his head with something that touches it, although
there is no harm in the use of an umbrella, the roof of a car
or tent for shade. There is also no harm in carrying his baggage
atop his head.
b) He cannot wear a shirt, turban,
hooded cloak trousers, or shoes. Only if he is unable to obtain
an Ezar or sandals can he wear trousers or shoes.
c) He cannot wear anything with the
same qualities of the above mentioned such as an Abea', Qubaa,
hat, undershirt, etc.
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It
is permissible for him to wear sandals, rings, glasses, a hearing
aid. a watch, worn on his wrist or hung from his neck, or a
speech aid. It is permissible for him to cleanse himself with
unscented cleansers and to wash and scratch his head and body,
even if some of his hair falls unintentionally. In such a case
there is no obligation on him because of it. |
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A
woman cannot wear a Niqab or Burqa'. The Sunnah is for her to
uncover her face except if men not related to her might see
her, in which case it is obligatory for her to cover her face
during Ihram and otherwise. |
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Allah
is the giver of success. May His blessings be upon our Prophet
Muhammad and all of his family and companions. |
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By
the needy before Allah, Muhammad As-Salih Al-Uthaimeen |
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Glossary |
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Abaya':
cloak like, woolen wrap.
Abu Bakr: first Muslim Caliph.
Al-Baqee': a place in Madina.
Al-ldhtebaa:placing the middle of the
Reda' under the right arm and the ends of it over the left shoulder
during Tawaf.
Al-lkhlas: Chapter 112 (Purity of Faith).
Al-Kafirun: Chapter 109 of the Qur'an
( Those who reject Faith).
AlMarwah: name of the hillock where
a Muslim begins Sa'yi.
Al-Raml: walking quickly but with small
steps during the first three circuits of Tawaf.
Arafah: the most important stop during
Hajj, located beyond Muzdalifah.
Ar-Ramy-- The Stoning.
As-Safaa: name of the hillock where
a Muslim ends his last lap of Sa'yi.
Burqa'Asr: the afternoon prayer.
: a face veil like a Niqab.
Dhul-Hijja: the twelfth month of the
Islamic calendar.
Dhuhr: the noon prayer.
Eid: celebration for Muslims.
Ezaar: lower cloth of Ihram.
Fajr: dawn prayer.
Hajj: official Muslim pilgrimage to
Makkah.
Hamza: one of the Prophet's uncles and
a martyr during the battle of Uhud.
Ifraad: isolated form of Hajj.
Ihram: the ceremonial state of making
Hajj or the Hajj garments themselves. Isha night prayer.
Jamrah: Monument in Mina.
Jamrah Al-Aqaba: the monument closest
to Makkah.
Ka'bah: the house of Allah in the Holy
Mosque in Makkah.
Magrib: dusk prayer.
Maqam Ibrahim: the stepping stone of
the prophet Abraham.
Mes'aa: the stretch between As-Safaa
and Al-Marwah.
Masha'ir: ceremonial shrines.
Mina: one of the ceremonial shrines,
a valley near Makkah.
Muhammad-- the last of the prophets,
the prophet of Islam.
Muhrim: a person in Ihram.
Mutamati: a pilgrim performing Hajj
Tamattu'.
MuzdalifahMuzdalifah: one of the ceremonial
shrines of Hajj, between Mina and Arafah.
Namira: mosque in Mina.
Niqab: a face veil revealing the eyes
through slashes
Qiran: a pilgrim performing Hajj Qiran.
Qibla: the direction Muslims face to
pray.
Qiraan: Accompanied form of Hajj.
Quba: a mosque in Madina, used to be
on the outskirts.
Qur'an: the Book of Allah.
Rakaa: a unit of prayer.
Reda': the upper cloth of Ihram.
Rukn Al-Yamani: the corner of the Ka'bah
which faces Yemen.
Sa'yi: the walk made between As-Safaa
and Al-Marwah.
Sunnah: way of the Prophet.
Surah: a chapter of the Qur'an.
Takbeer: saying "Allahu Akbar ("Allah
is Greatest")
Talbeeya: the supplication a Muslim
recites once he is in Ihram and has made his intention.
Tamattu': enjoyable form of Hajj.
Tarwiyya: the eighth of Dhul-Hijja.
Tawaf: circumambulation of the Ka'bah
Tawaf Al-lfadha: tawaf for Hajj.
Tawaf Al-Wadaa: farewell Tawaf.
Uhud: the name of a mountain in Medina
and the site of the battle by this name.
Umar: the second Muslim Caliph and first
Prince of the believers.
Umrah-minor Hajj: the combination of
Tawaf and Sa'yi.
Uthman: the third Muslim Caliph and
second Prince of the believers.
Wudhu: ablution. |
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